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    Oracle SQL Trace Summary

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    SQL Trace Level:

    Level 1 standard/default level,is the default. This level traces all activities until the trace session is stopped.

     

    Level 4 standard + binds,provides level 1 tracing and displays the entered value for all bind variables. Bind variables are the values that the user enters. The code displays these bind variables as: b1, etc. When level 4 is activated, the substituted value for the bind variable is displayed in the trace file.

     

    Level 8 standard + waits,provides level 1 tracing and displays a list of all database wait events. Database wait events list the reasons if the elapsed time is greater than the CPU time in the tkprof report.

     

    Level 12 standard + binds and waits,provides level 1 tracing in addition to both bind variable substitution and database wait events.

     

     

     

    Copy from  http://www.eygle.com/archives/2005/10/aeearaw_traceia.html

    今天浏览metalink,看到这篇Interpreting Raw SQL_TRACE,比较老的一篇文章了,但是确实很有用,所以决定大略翻译一下吧。

    我们知道有几种方法可以得到一个SQL语句执行时后台的trace文件,一个是用SQL_TRACE,一个是用DBMS_SUPPORT包或者DBMS_SYSTEM包,还有一种就是直接使用10046 event。

    使用10046 event的方法大致如下:

    alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 12';

    your sql statement...

    alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

    其中的level有1,4,8,12几个选项,其中1相当于设置SQL_TRACE=TRUE之后的结果,4包括1的结果和绑定变量的实际值,8包括1的结果和等待事件的情况,12则同时包含1的结果,绑定变量的实际值和等待事件情况,所以可以说level 12是最为详细的trace了。

    同时我们也知道,对于trace结果,oracle提供了tkprof实用程序用来格式化trace文件,提供一份更容易读懂的trace结果。

    那么为什么还要直接读取trace文件呢?最重要的是tkprof的结果是不包含绑定变量值的,同时也不包括真正的SQL执行顺序,而trace文件中我们则可以看到按照时间排列的parse,binds,executes,fetch等等,这在某西场合下是很有用处的。还有就是,如果你能够直接读取这些让人看得眼晕的trace,是不是会有一种很爽,很大师的感觉:-)

    当然如果我们要根据一些标准(比如CPU时长,磁盘读取量等)进行trace中的SQL排序,那么tkprof是我们唯一的选择,可以参看coolyl的Tkprof工具介绍和分析。

     

    下面是metalink中的这篇文章的大体翻译,大部分名词用英文反而更好,就不强加翻译了,相信大家都看得懂。当然也是比较懒的原因:-)

     

    文本总结了trace结果原始输出文件中的内容。

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    APPNAME mod='%s' mh=%lu act='%s' ah=%lu

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    APPNAME:Application name setting。在Oracle 7.2和以上版本中出现。这个名称可以由DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO包来设定。

    mod:Module name

    mh:Module hash value

    act:Action

    ah:Action hash value

     

    比如:APPNAME mod='SQL*Plus' mh=3669949024 act='' ah=4029777240

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    PARSING IN CURSOR #<CURSOR> len=X dep=X uid=X oct=X lid=X tim=X hv=X ad='X'

    <statement>

    END OF STMT

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    <CURSOR>:Cursor number

    len :Length of SQL statement,SQL语句的长度

    dep :Recursive depth of the cursor,当前SQL语句的递规深度,如果为0则表示是用户提交的SQL,为1则是由于用户SQL而导致Oracle后台自己执行的SQL,为2则是由1级SQL继续诱发的下一级SQL。

    uid :Schema user id of parsing user

    oct :Oracle command type.

    lid :Privilege user id.

    tim :Timestamp。在Oracle9i之前单位是1/100秒,9i则是1/1,000,000秒。利用这个值可以计算一个SQL执行了到底多长时间。这个值就是当前行被写入trace文件时数据库V$TIMER视图的值。

    hv :Hash id.

    ad :SQLTEXT address,SQLTEXT的地址,跟V$SQLAREA和V$SQLTEXT视图中的ADDRESS字段值相等。

    <statement> :The actual SQL statement being parsed.

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    PARSE ERROR #%d:len=%ld dep=%d uid=%ld oct=%d lid=%ld tim=%lu err=%d

    <statement> ...

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    PARSE ERROR :在Oracle 7.2以上版本中解析的错误会写入trace文件中。

    len :Length of SQL statement.

    dep :Recursive depth of the statement

    uid :User id.

    oct :Oracle command type (if known).

    lid :Privilege user id.

    tim :Timestamp.

    err :Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) reported

    <statement> :The SQL statement that errored.

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    PARSE #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

    EXEC #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

    FETCH #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

    UNMAP #<CURSOR>:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=4,tim=0

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    PARSE :Parse a statement. 解析一个SQL

    EXEC :Execute a pre-parsed statement. 执行已经解析完毕的SQL

    FETCH :Fetch rows from a cursor. 从游标中得到数据,通常指select返回记录

    UNMAP :如果游标使用了临时表(temporary table), 当游标关闭的时候将会看到UNMAP

    c :CPU time (100th's of a second in Oracle7 ,8 and 9).

    e :Elapsed time (100th's of a second Oracle7, 8. Microseconds in Oracle 9 onwards).

    p :Number of physical reads.

    cr :Number of buffers retrieved for CR reads.

    cu :Number of buffers retrieved in current mode.

    mis :Cursor missed in the cache.

    r :Number of rows processed.

    dep :Recursive call depth (0 = user SQL, >0 = recursive).

    og :Optimizer goal: 1=All_Rows, 2=First_Rows, 3=Rule, 4=Choose

    tim :Timestamp (large number in 100ths of a second).

     

    比如:FETCH #2:c=0,e=106,p=0,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=4,tim=6005498548671

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ERROR #%d:err=%d tim=%lu

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    执行或者fetch之后出现的SQL Error

    err :Oracle error code (e.g. ORA-XXXXX) at the top of the stack.

    tim :Timestamp.

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    STAT #<CURSOR> id=N cnt=0 [pid=0 pos=0 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE ']

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    <CURSOR>的执行计划.

    <CURSOR> :Cursor which the statistics apply to.

    id :Line of the explain plan which the row count applies to (从1开始).

    cnt :Number of rows for this row source.

    pid :Parent id of this row source.

    pos :Position in explain plan.

    obj :Object id of row source (if this is a base object).

    op : The row source access operation.

     

    比如:

    STAT #2 id=2 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=1 obj=510 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID OBJECT_USAGE (cr=2 r=0 w=0 time=83 us)'

    STAT #2 id=3 cnt=1 pid=2 pos=1 obj=511 op='INDEX RANGE SCAN I_STATS_OBJ# (cr=1 r=0 w=0 time=43 us)'

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    XCTEND rlbk=%d rd_only=%d

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    XCTEND是事务结束的标志.

    rlbk :1 if a rollback was performed, 0 if no rollback (commit).

    rd_only :1 if transaction was read only, 0 if changes occurred.

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BINDS #%d:

    bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=03 oacfl2=0 size=24 offset=0

    bfp=02fedb44 bln=22 avl=00 flg=05

    value=10

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    BIND :Variables bound to a cursor.

    bind N :The bind position being bound.

    dty :Data type.

    mxl :Maximum length of the bind variable (private max len in paren).

    mal :Array length.

    scl :Scale.

    pre :Precision.

    oacflg :Special flag indicating bind options

    oacflg2 :Continuation of oacflg

    size :Amount of memory to be allocated for this chunk

    offset :Offset into this chunk for this bind buffer

    bfp :Bind address.

    bln :Bind buffer length.

    avl :Actual value length (array length too).

    flg :Special flag indicating bind status

    value :The actual value of the bind variable.

     

    比如:

    BINDS #4:

     bind 0: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

       bfp=ffffffff7ce64ee0 bln=22 avl=01 flg=05

       value=0

     bind 1: dty=1 mxl=32(11) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=18 oacfl2=1 size=32 offset=0

       bfp=ffffffff7ce6b128 bln=32 avl=11 flg=05

       value="TABCOMPART$"

     bind 2: dty=2 mxl=22(22) mal=00 scl=00 pre=00 oacflg=08 oacfl2=1 size=24 offset=0

       bfp=ffffffff7ce6bae8 bln=24 avl=02 flg=05

       value=1

     

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

    WAIT #<CURSOR>: nam="<event name>" ela=0 p1=0 p2=0 p3=0

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    WAIT :An event that we waited for.

    nam :What was being waited for.

    ela :Elapsed time for the operation.

    p1 :P1 for the given wait event.

    p2 :P2 for the given wait event.

    p3 :P3 for the given wait event.

     

    比如 (Full Table Scan):

    WAIT #1: nam="db file scattered read" ela= 5 p1=4 p2=1435 p3=25

    在游标1上经历了"db file scattered read"等待事件,一共等了0.05秒,在读取File 4,从1435 block开始,读了25个block

     

    比如 (Index Scan):

    WAIT #1: nam="db file sequential read" ela= 4 p1=4 p2=1224 p3=1

    在游标1上经历了"db file sequential read"等待事件,一共等了0.04秒,在读取file 4,block 1224,读取了这一个block

     

    对于每一个等待事件的含义和p1,p2,p3表示的意思,可以参考Oracle Database Reference文档的Oracle Wait Events章节。

     

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